The following are the four types of Policy Implementation:

What are the Types of Policy Implementation?

1. Coercive Implementation

It is also known as legal implementation. It is a powerful method of implementation. In addition, it means that the government takes some actions to control the behavior of its citizens. People do not like this method because they do not like to be forced to do something. This method is rarely used in a modern democracy. Perhaps because it becomes more and more difficult to carry out this method. 

However, some countries still use this method to implement the law. For example, in North Korea, the law is implemented by this coercive method only. People are forced to obey the law or they will bear the punishment given by that law. If a person does not obey that law, then he or she will have to face severe punishment from the government. The government uses torture and imprisonment for such people who do not obey that law.

2. Non-Coercive Implementation

It is also known as persuasive implementation or indirect implementation, or indirect coercion. It means that people are persuaded to obey the laws through non-violent methods of enforcement and punishment. 

This type of implementation may be considered as democratic; as it does not use any force against citizens to control their behavior. Sometimes people are forced to do something even without their consent with the help of non-violent methods of enforcement and punishment by using family members, friends, employers, etc.

However, in modern society, we can see that people are more interested in freedom and rights than before and they oppose any kind of coercion by any means possible, even if it is done with non-violent methods aimed at controlling their behaviors. This kind of implementation has become unpopular gradually in our society and people hope that the government will change all these laws which they think are unfair, wrong, immoral, and should be changed as soon as possible.

3.Voluntary Implementation

It is also known as self-implementation or self-enforcement or private enforcement, or privatization implementation or compliance implementation; or self-enforcement implementation or new compliance implementation type of policy implementation type. Which includes a diverse array of voluntary efforts aimed at encouraging private persons and organizations, including businesses and individuals. 

Also, private associations such as professional associations and local communities voluntarily comply with rules set out by legislation (as opposed to compulsory compliance). In general, this type of policy implementation gives protection to those who implement the law voluntarily and it has various advantages.

This type of implementation is a mix of the two above types of implementation. It uses some non-violent methods to control the behavior of people by using family members, friends, employers, etc. 

However, with some other methods, it also forces people to obey the law and it takes some serious steps if someone does not obey that law. It is more like a combination of the two types above. In this type of implementation, people are given an option to obey that law voluntarily or else they will have to face consequences for not obeying that law like the other two types above.

4. Cooperative Implementation

It is also known as collaborative implementation or collaborative coercion or collaborative law or consensus coercion and sometimes it is known as self-enforcement or self-implementation. It means that people work together voluntarily to enforce laws by giving advice and suggestions to each other and by helping each other voluntarily to carry out that law in a better way. 

This type of policy implementation requires a lot of hard work from all those people who are in this process; because they have to work hard together and cooperate. The purpose is to carry out that law in a better way. This policy implementation has become popular gradually nowadays because people are now more interested in working together and cooperating than ever before, especially because they want their organizations, businesses, and countries to become healthier, safer, better places for everyone who lives there.